Description / Abstract:
xEVs involved in incidents present unique hazards associated
with the high voltage system (including the battery system). These
hazards can be grouped into 3 categories: chemical, electrical, and
thermal. The potential consequences can vary depending on the size,
configuration and specific battery chemistry. Other incidents may
arise from secondary events such as garage fires and floods. These
types of incidents are also considered in the recommended practice
(RP). This RP aims to describe the potential consequences
associated with hazards from xEVs and suggest common procedures to
help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage,
repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred with
an electrified vehicle. Industry design standards and tools were
studied and where appropriate, suggested for responsible
organizations to implement.
Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries
used for vehicle propulsion power are the assumed battery systems
of this RP. These battery chemistries are the prevailing
technologies associated with high voltage vehicle electrification
today and the foreseeable future. The hazards associated with these
specific battery chemistries are addressed in this RP. Other
chemistries and alternative propulsion systems including Fuel Cells
are not considered in this version of SAE J2990.
Purpose
This SAE RP provides guidelines and education to first and
second responders of incidents associated with xEVs and high
voltage batteries. The RP is not intended to replace an emergency
response guide or to be referenced at the scene of an emergency
incident. Automotive OEM's are encouraged to reference this RP for
industry design guidance when creating vehicle requirements and
Emergency Response Guides (ERGs).
This RP is not intended to address battery specific hazards, but
rather vehicles which contain aforementioned batteries. The RP does
however consider batteries that may become separated from a vehicle
as a result of a crash event or at storage and repair facilities
where responders are involved.